Dia: Dimecres, 2 d'octubre de 2024
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.A càrrec de: Amadeu Delshams, UPC
Títol: Breakdown of homoclinic orbits to L1 of the hydrogen atom in a circularly polarized microwave field
Resum: We consider the Rydberg electron in a circularly polarized microwave field, whose dynamics is described by a 2 d.o.f. Hamiltonian, which is a perturbation of size K > 0 of the standard rotating Kepler problem. In a rotating frame, the largest chaotic region of this system lies around a center-saddle equilibrium point L1 and its associated invariant manifolds. We compute the distance between stable and unstable manifolds of L1 by means of a semi-analytical method, which consists of combining normal form, Melnikov, and averaging methods with numerical methods.
Also, we introduce a new family of Hamiltonians, which we call Toy CP systems, to be able to compare our numerical results with the existing theoretical results in the literature. It should be noted that the distance between these stable and unstable manifolds is exponentially small in the perturbation parameter K (in analogy with the L3 libration point of the R3BP).
This is a UPC joint work with Mercè Ollé, Juan Ramon Pacha and Óscar Rodríguez.
Dia: Dimecres, 16 d'octubre de 2024
Lloc: Aula S03, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.A càrrec de: Maria Saprykina (KTH, Suècia)
Títol: KAM-rigidity for parabolic affine abelian actions on the torus Resum: Two famous instances of local rigidity for ℤ2-actions are the classical KAM rigidity of Diophantine toral translations and smooth rigidity of hyperbolic or partially hyperbolic higher rank actions proved by Damjanovic and Katok. To complete the study of local rigidity of affine ℤ2-actions on the torus, we address the case of parabolic affine actions. Consider an affine ℤ²-action (a,b) on 𝕋d generated by two commuting parabolic affine maps of the form a(x)=A(x)+α, b(x)=B(x)+β, where A,B ∈ SL(d,ℤ). We say that a linear map A∈ SL(d,ℤ) is parabolic of step 2 if (A-Id)²=0. An affine map a(x)=A(x)+α is of step 2 if A is of step 2. We say that the action (a,b) is KAM-rigid under volume-preserving perturbations if there exists σ ∈ ℕ, r0≤ σ and ε>0 satisfying the following. If r≤ r0 and (F,G)=(a+f,b+g ) is a smooth λ-preserving ℤ²-action such that
∥f∥r≤ ε, ∥g∥r≤ ε, ^ f ≔ ∫𝕋² f dλ=0, ^ g ≔ ∫𝕋² g dλ=0,
then there exists H=Id+h ∈ Diff∞λ(𝕋d) such that ∥h∥r-σ≤ ε and H∘(a+f)∘H-1 = a, H∘(b+g)∘H-1 = b.
Let 𝒯(A,B) denote the set of possible translation parts (α,β) in the affine actions with linear part (A, B), that is 𝒯(A,B)≔{α, β∈ ℝd ∣ (A-Id)β=(B-Id)α}. We present the following dichotomy for a commuting pair (A,B) of parabolic matrices, where A is step-2 (i.e., (A-Id)²=0):This is the result of a joint work with D. Damjanovic and B. Fayad.
A càrrec de: Kristian Bjerklöv (KTH, Suècia)
Títol: Monotone families of circle diffeomorphisms driven by expanding circle maps.
Resum: We consider monotone families of circle diffeomorphisms forced by strongly expanding circle maps. We obtain estimates of the fibered Lyapunov exponents for such systems and show that in the limit as the expansion tends to infinity, they approach the values of the Lyapunov exponents for the corresponding random case. The estimates are based on a control of the distribution of the iterates of almost every point, up to a fixed (small) scale, depending on the expansion.
This is joint work with Raphaël Krikorian.
Dia: Dijous, 31 d'octubre de 2024
Lloc: Aula S04, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.A càrrec de: Yanick Ricard
Títol: Convection in the mantle of the Earth and that of large planets
Resum: I will discuss the characteristics of solid
convection in the mantle of Earth and then address more specifically the effets of compressibility. The radial density of planets increases with depth due to compressibility, leading to impacts on their convective dynamics. To account for these effects, including the presence of a quasi-adiabatic temperature profile and entropy sources due to dissipation, the compressibility is expressed through a dissipation number proportional to the planet’s radius and gravity. In Earth’s mantle, compressibility effects are moderate, but in large rocky or liquid exoplanets (super-earths), the dissipation number can become very large. We explore the properties of compressible convection when the dissipation number is significant. We start by selecting a simple Murnaghan equation of state that embodies the fundamental properties of condensed matter at planetary conditions. Next, we analyze the characteristics of adiabatic profiles and demonstrate that the ratio between the bottom and top adiabatic temperatures is relatively small and probably less than 2. We examine the marginal stability of compressible mantles and reveal that they can undergo convection with either positive or negative superadiabatic Rayleigh numbers. Lastly, we delve into simulations of convection in 2D Cartesian geometry performed using the exact equations of mechanics, neglecting inertia (infinite Prandtl number case), and examine their consequences for super-earth dynamics.
Dia: Dimecres, 6 de novembre de 2024
Lloc: Aula S03, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.A càrrec de: Kristian Uldall Kristiansen (Technical University of Denmark)
Títol: The simple turning point: A new approach based upon GSPT, blowup and normal forms
Resum: In this talk, I will present some recent results (based upon a joint paper with Peter Szmolyan, JDE 2024) on the simple turning point problem, defined by ε² x″(t) + μ(t)x(t)=0, μ(0)=0, μ'(0)=1 and 0<ε≪ 1. The objective here is to follow the unstable manifold (line bundle in the (x,εẋ,t)-space) for t=-c<0 across the "turning point" t=0 to t=c>0 with c>0 fixed for all 0<ε≪ 1. The problem is well-known but our approach is new and it has some advantages. In particular, we use GSPT, blowup and normal forms and only rely on smoothness (not analyticitity) of the function μ. The normal form procedure uses summability results of center-like invariant manifolds (associated with certain Taylor-jets of the vector-field). Towards the end of my presentation, I will present an outline (idea) for how this procedure could potentially be used in different contexts with fast oscillations (future work).
Dia: Dimecres, 13 de novembre de 2024
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.A càrrec de: José Lamas (UPC)
Títol: Final motions and ejection-collision orbits in the 3 Body
Resum: We consider the Planar Circular Restricted 3 Body Problem (PCRTBP), which describes the motion of a massless body under the attraction of other two bodies, the primaries, which describe circular orbits around their common center of mass located at the origin. In rotating coordinates, this system is Hamiltonian with two degrees of freedom. The orbits of this system are either defined for all (future or past) time or eventually go to collision with one of the primaries. For orbits defined for all time, Chazy provided a classification of all possible asymptotic behaviors, usually called final motions.
By considering a sufficiently small mass ratio between the primaries, we analyze the interplay between collision orbits and various final motions and construct several types of dynamics.
In particular, we show that orbits corresponding to any combination of past and future final motions can be created to pass arbitrarily close to the massive primary. Furthermore, we construct arbitrarily large ejection-collision orbits (orbits which experience collision in both past and future times) and periodic orbits that are arbitrarily large and get arbitrarily close to the massive primary. Additionally, we also establish oscillatory motions in both position and velocity, meaning that as time tends to infinity, the superior limit of the position or velocity is infinity while the inferior limit remains a real number.
Dia: Dimecres 29 de gener de 2025
Lloc: Aula S03, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.
A càrrec de: Sabyasachi Mukherjee (Tata Institute for Fundamental Research, India)
Títol: Topology and geometry of quadrature domains via holomorphic dynamics
Resum: A domain in the complex plane is called a quadrature domain if it admits a Schwarz reflection map; i.e., a meromorphic map that extends continuously to the boundary as the identity map. Quadrature domains have important connections with statistical physics, fluid dynamics, and diverse areas of analysis. We will discuss how classical Riemann surface theory and dynamics of Schwarz reflection maps can be exploited to study the topology and singularities of quadrature domains. We will review earlier works of Gustafsson, Lee, and Makarov in this direction, and introduce classical ideas from holomorphic dynamics to provide sharp upper bounds on the connectivity and number of double points of quadrature domains. Time permitting, we will mention connections between Schwarz reflection dynamics and combination theorems for antiholomorphic polynomials and reflection groups.
A càrrec de: Maciej Capiński (AGH University of Kraków)
Títol: Arnold Diffusion in the Full Three Body Problem
Resum: We will present a geometric mechanism which leads to Arnold Diffusion in the three body problem. As an application of our method we will consider the Neptune-Triton-asteroid system, with the mass of the asteroid playing the role of the perturbation parameter. The proof is computer assisted.
This is joint work with Marian Gidea.
Dia: Dimecres 12 de febrer de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Douglas Duarte Novaes, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica, (IMECC/UNICAMP), Brasil.
Títol: Limit tori in vector fields: detecting and counting
Resum: Invariant compact manifolds, such as equilibria, periodic orbits, and invariant tori, provide important information about the dynamics of differential systems. This knowledge is significantly increased when we can describe the behavior of nearby trajectories. In this talk, we present conditions that ensure the existence of invariant tori in perturbed differential systems, along with results on their regularity, stability, and dynamics. These conditions are based on higher-order averaged equations and extend classical theorems by Krylov, Bogoliubov, Mitropolsky, and Hale. We also explore a three-dimensional version of Hilbert’s 16th Problem, focusing on the number of isolated invariant tori in 3D polynomial vector fields. For a given degree m, we define N(m) as the upper bound for the number of isolated invariant tori of 3D polynomial vector fields of degree m and provide a result that relates the number of normally hyperbolic invariant tori in 3D polynomial systems to the number of hyperbolic limit cycles in planar systems. This leads to a lower bound for N(m), showing that it grows as fast as m³/128.
Dia: Dimecres 19 de febrer de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Chiara Caracciolo, Uppsala University / Univ. di Padova
Títol: 3D Orbital Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems: KAM-Stability Analysis
Resum: We study the KAM-stability of several single star two-planet nonresonant extra-solar systems. It is likely that the observed exoplanets are the most massive of the system considered. Therefore, their robust stability is a crucial and necessary condition for the long- term survival of the system when considering potential additional exoplanets yet to be seen. Our study is based on the construction of a combination of lower-dimensional elliptic and KAM tori, so as to better approximate the dynamics in the framework of accurate secular models. For each extrasolar system, we explore the parameter space of both inclinations: the one with respect to the line of sight and the mutual inclination between the planets. Our approach shows that remarkable inclinations, resulting in three-dimensional architectures that are far from being coplanar, can be compatible with the KAM stability of the system. We find that the highest values of the mutual inclinations are comparable to those of the few systems for which the said inclinations are determined by the observations.
Dia: Dimecres 26 de febrer de 2025
Lloc: Aula S04, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.
A càrrec de: Santiago Barbieri (UPC)
Títol: Existence and nonexistence of invariant curves of coin billiards (joint work with A. Clarke)
Resum: In this talk I will consider the coin billiard introduced by M. Bialy. It is a modification of the classical billiard, obtained as the return map of a nonsmooth geodesic flow on a cylinder that has homeomorphic copies of a classical billiard on the top and on the bottom (a coin). The return dynamics is described by a map T of the annulus 𝔸 = 𝕋 × (0,π).
Together with A. Clarke, we proved the following three main theorems: in two different scenarios (when the height of the coin is small, or when the coin is near-circular) there is a family of KAM curves close to, but not accumulating on, the boundary ∂𝔸; for any noncircular coin, if the height of the coin is sufficiently large, there is a neighbourhood of ∂𝔸 through which there passes no invariant essential curve; and the only coin billiard for which the phase space 𝔸 is foliated by essential invariant curves is the circular one. These results provide partial answers to questions of Bialy. Finally, I will describe the results of some numerical experiments on the elliptical coin billiard.
Dia: Dimecres 5 de març de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Misha Hlushchanka, University of Amsterdam
Títol: The independence polynomial on recursive graph sequences - the dynamical perspective
Resum: The distribution of the zeros of partition functions on graphs are intimately related to the analyticity of physical quantities and their phase transitions. In their pioneering work in the 1950s, Lee and Yang proved that the free energy per site of the cubic lattice is analytic at a given positive real parameter, provided that the complex zeros of the partition functions for a sequence of finite graphs converging to the lattice avoid a neighborhood of this parameter.
In the last decade, a special focus was put on graph sequences that do not converge to a regular lattice but are instead defined recursively. Examples of such recursive graph sequences include hierarchical lattices, Cayley trees, Sierpinski gasket graphs, and various self-similar Schreier graphs. Significant progress has been made in studying the partition functions of the Ising, Potts, and Hard-Core models on these graphs (with the latter two corresponding to the chromatic and independence graph polynomials, respectively). One main advantage of working with recursive sequences of graphs is that the underlying recursion naturally induces an iterative system on the level of partition functions, often given in terms of rational maps in one or several (complex) variables. By analyzing the dynamical behavior of these iterative systems, we can gain insights into the properties of the respective graph polynomials, such as phase transitions and computational complexity.
In our current work with Han Peters (University of Amsterdam), we attempt to establish a unified framework for recursive graph sequences in the Hard-Core model setting. We start with an arbitrary graph with k marked vertices. At each recursive step, we construct a new graph by taking n copies of the previous graph and connecting these copies along the marked vertices (according to a specified rule). The dynamical systems that emerge from the respective independence polynomials are represented by homogeneous polynomials of degree n in 2k variables. Somewhat surprisingly, it turns out that these systems can be successfully analyzed in this general context. In the talk, I will report on our results on the structure of the zero sets of the independence polynomials for these recursive graph sequences, particularly highlighting the absence of phase transitions.
Dia: Dimecres 12 de març de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Dario Bambusi, University of Milan
Títol: Birkhoff normal form and almost global existence in Hamiltonian PDEs.
Resum: In this seminar I will present some results, based on the use of Birkhoff normal form, on the dynamics of Hamiltonian PDEs. The typical result ensures that solutions corresponding to smooth and small initial data remain small and smooth for times of order ε -r, ∀r. Here ε is the size of the initial datum.
Nowadays there exists a well established theory for semilinear equations in space dimension 1, but the theory for quasilinear equations and for equations in higher dimensional domains is only at the beginning. I will review the classical 1-d theory and give some results on the situation in higher space dimension. In particular I will present the main ideas that could lead to a general theory also in higher space dimension.
Dia: Dimecres 19 de març de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Willi Kepplinger, University of Vienna
Títol: Isolated steady solutions of the 3D Euler equations
Resum: In a recent collaboration with Alberto Enciso and Daniel Peralta-Salas we proved that there exist closed three-dimensional Riemannian manifolds where the incompressible Euler equations exhibit smooth steady solutions that are isolated in the 𝒞1-topology. The proof decomposes into a computational part with some input from dynamical systems, and a rather delicate spectral geometric argument. In this talk I will aim to give a more or less complete proof of our result without assuming much background knowledge in either the rich world of stationary) Euler equations or the intimidating literature on spectral geometry.
Dia: Dimecres 26 de març de 2025
Lloc: Aula S04, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.
A càrrec de: Kostiantyn Drach, Universitat de Barcelona
Títol: Length spectral rigidity for expanding maps of the circle
Resum: For a smooth expanding map of the circle, its (unmarked) length spectrum is defined as the set of logarithms of multipliers along all periodic orbits. This set is analogous to the set of lengths of all closed geodesics on negatively curved surfaces -- the classical length spectrum. In the talk, I will outline a length spectral rigidity result for expanding circle maps. Namely, I will show that a smooth expanding circle map, under certain assumptions on the sparsity of its length spectrum, cannot be perturbed with an arbitrarily small smooth perturbation (depending on the map) so that the length spectrum stays the same. The proof uses the Whitney extension theorem, a quantitative Livcis-type theorem, and a novel iterative scheme. This is joint work with Vadim Kaloshin.
Dia: Dimecres 30 d'abril de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Rafael Ramírez, UPC
Títol: High-order persistence of resonant caustics in perturbed circular billiards
Resum: We find necessary and sufficient conditions for high-order persistence of resonant caustics in perturbed circular billiards. The main technical tool is a high-order perturbation theory based on the Bialy-Mironov generating function for convex billiards. A caustic is a curve such that any billiard trajectory, once tangent to the curve, stays tangent after every reflection. A convex caustic is p/q-resonant when all its tangent trajectories form closed polygons with q sides that make p turns around the caustic.
We prove that any resonant caustic of the circular billiard with period q persist up to order ⌈ q/n ⌉ -1 under any polynomial perturbation of degree n of the circle.
Join work with Comlan Edmond Koudjinan @ University of Toronto.
Dia: Dimecres 7 de maig de 2025
Lloc: Aula S04, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.
A càrrec de: Anna Jové, UB
Títol:
Resum: In the setting of smooth dynamical systems, the notion of non-uniform hyperbolicity was introduced by Y. Pesin, in order to show that certain maps, although not being hyperbolic, act as hyperbolic maps along almost every orbit. More precisely, Pesin theory deals with measure-preserving ergodic maps, satisfying that Lyapunov exponents do not vanish on a set of full measure. In the setting of complex dynamics, similar ideas were developed by F. Przytycki, in order to show that certain features of hyperbolic maps on their Julia sets are accomplished by general rational maps almost everywhere on their Julia sets.
Note that the maps considered are no longer globally invertible. The key ingredients are, on the one hand, the existence of an ergodic invariant measure supported on the Julia set, with positive Lyapunov exponent, and that singular values (i.e. points in which the function is not a local homeomorphism) are finite. In this talk I will present F. Przytycki’s work on rational maps, and how one can extend it to transcendental maps (allowing infinitely many singular values)
This is work in progress under the supervision of Prof. Núria Fagella.
Dia: Dimecres 21 de maig de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Denis Gaidashev, Uppsala University
Títol: Renormalization for Henon-like maps
Resum: We will give an overview of the renormalization of Henon-like maps, both dissipative and conservative, focusing specifically on universality and rigidity of infinitely renormalizable maps, as well as geometry of their invariant sets.
Dia: Dimecres 28 de maig de 2025
Lloc: Aula S04, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.
A càrrec de: Javier Gómez Serrano, Brown University
Títol: "Modern Mathematics" at the intersection of Machine Learning and old mathematics
Resum: In this talk I will explain several recent and ongoing results combining machine learning techniques and more traditional mathematics. The overarching theme is the interplay between AI and classical methods in order to discover new solutions of certain mathematical problems. These problems can, but not necessarily need to, be taken from the world of analysis and PDE. Time permitting, I will also outline how to turn some of the obtained solutions into a rigorous proof via computer-assisted methods. I will discuss strategies coming from small models as well as large language models.
Dia: Dimecres 4 de juny de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Jordi-Lluís Figueras, Uppsala University
Títol: Self-Similar Singular Solutions to the Nonlinear Schrödinger and the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equations
Resum: We prove the existence of radial self-similar singular solutions for the mass supercritical Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation far from the critical regime and, more generally, branches of such solutions for the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation. We are also able to control their monotone index (number of monotone intervals). In particular, we prove the existence of monotone radial self-similar singular solutions for the three dimensional cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation. The paper combines sharp analytic bounds of the self-similar profile at infinity with computer assisted bounds around zero and their matching at an intermediate value. (Joint work with Joel Dahne).
Dia: Dimecres 18 de juny de 2025
Lloc: Aula S01, Facultat de Matemàtiques i Estadística, UPC. Pau Gargallo,14 BCN.
A càrrec de: Bhanu Kumar, University of Michigan
Títol: Mean motion resonant phenomena, orbits, and transfers in planet-moon systems
Resum: In this talk, I will discuss resonant orbits and the phenomenon of mean-motion resonance overlapping, which generate natural heteroclinic, propellant-free pathways that spacecraft can follow to change their semimajor axis. This is useful for low-fuel and/or low-energy space mission trajectory design. I will start by describing some recent related results from the Earth-Moon system, with applications to missions throughout cislunar space. Then, moving to the more complicated systems of the outer planets, which have multiple moons, I will discuss secondary resonant phenomena which occur inside the normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds formed by unstable mean motion resonant orbit families. The secondary resonances inside these manifolds are found to overlap in some cases, resulting in a total change of structure for the more unstable members of such families - precisely the orbits most useful for outer planet tour design.
A càrrec de: Marian Gidea, Yeshiva University
Títol: Diffusion in Hamiltonian systems driven by random perturbations
Resum: The main idea of the present work is using randomness to overcome geometric obstacles in dynamical systems. We consider a pendulum-rotator system driven by a stochastic process. We show that for almost every realization of the stochastic process, there is a distinguished set of times for which there exists a random normally hyperbolic invariant manifold. We also show that there are transverse intersections of the stable and unstable manifolds, which are given by the non-degenerate zeroes of a Melnikov stochastic process. We obtain the existence of orbits along which the energy changes over time. This is based on joint work with A-M Cherubini.
Dia: Dimecres 2 de juliol de 2025
Lloc: Aula T2 (segon pis), Facultat de Matemàtiques i Informàtica, UB.
A càrrec de: Jesús Dueñas Pamplona, Universidad de Valladolid
Títol: Dynamical Analysis of Nonautonomous Bonifacio-Lugiato Model via Concave-Convex Equation Techniques
Resum: In this talk, we present tools for studying the global dynamics of nonautonomous scalar ordinary differential equations featuring concave-convex nonlinearities, that is, nonlinearities that exhibit a transition from concavity to convexity in the state variable. These tools are applied to a simple model of superfluorescence in optics. In particular, we investigate the occurrence of uniform stability or bistability in the Bonifacio-Lugiato model by imposing constraints on the nonautonomous input used to excite the system. More generally, models governed by nonautonomous scalar equations may exhibit several transitions between concave and convex regimes, both in the state variable and over time. The theory developed here, which allows for one such change in the state variable, represents a first step toward understanding the full range of dynamical consequences arising from shape constraints on the nonautonomous vector field.
Last updated: Mon Sep 1 12:18:35 2025